Note for the press EURO/20/06 Copenhagen, Rome, Szentendre, 27 November 2006


Sections of the European population are still struggling with "traditional" environmental health problems, poor water and sanitation being one of the most urgent. The 22nd meeting of the European Environment and Health Committee (EEHC) will take place in Szentendre, Hungary, on 27-28 November 2006. It was in Hungary in 2004 that European ministers committed to protecting children's health from a harmful environment (see below). The EEHC meeting, hosted by the Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe, will assess progress in the European Region in reducing water-related disease among children.

FAO-run project reduces environmental impacts - effort featured in BBC documentary


23 November 2006, Rome - Shrimp -- a small animal with a giant-sized footprint.

It is the world's most sought-after seafood commodity: some 3.5 million tons of the many-legged delicacy are pulled from the ocean's waters each year, with another 2.4 million tons raised on aquatic farms.

The popular seafood is a gold mine for poor countries feeding avid consumers in northern markets. Developing nations supply some 90% of the shrimp consumed in developed countries, to the tune of US$8 billion a year. As a result, the jobs of hundreds of thousands of people in the developing world depend on shrimp.

But the sector is also one of the world's most wasteful fisheries.

Joint News Release WHO/Rotary International/CDC/UNICEF/71 22 November 2006


Kabul - The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, concerned about the health of all people in Afghanistan, especially the health of children, today called for the safe access of local health workers and vaccinators during polio immunization campaigns and other health activities all over Afghanistan, but particularly in the Southern Region. The latest nationwide polio campaign was launched on 19 November, with further district-level immunization activities planned for the rest of this year and throughout 2007.

Le risorse geotermiche sono presenti in quasi tutti i paesi del mondo e si prestano ad una molteplicità di impieghi, che vanno dalla generazione di elettricità all’utilizzazione diretta del calore per condizionamento di ambienti, per usi agricoli, per acquacoltura, ecc. (vedi in Scienza on line, n. 18/19 del luglio 2005, l’articolo “ Le Risorse Geotermiche”).

Gli usi diretti del calore geotermico hanno avuto un grande incremento negli anni recenti in seguito alla diffusione, soprattutto negli Stati Uniti ed in Europa, delle pompe di calore, che rappresentano oggi uno dei settori di sviluppo di maggiore interesse.

Le pompe di calore sono macchine che trasferiscono calore da un ambiente a temperatura più bassa ad un altro a temperatura più alta, per effetto dell’apporto di lavoro meccanico alla macchina, sfruttando la proprietà fisica dei fluidi di assorbire o cedere calore rispettivamente quando vaporizzano o condensano. In questo modo il calore può essere fatto fluire in senso opposto alla sua tendenza naturale, così come l’acqua può essere fatta fluire verso l’alto usando una pompa idraulica (Figura 1).

A hurricane's fury can be relentless, from frightening winds, to torrential rains and flooding. These storms also create enormous ocean waves that are hazardous to ships. And through storm surges of up to 30 feet the storms can demolish shoreline structures, erode beaches and wash out coastal roads.

As part of its activities to better understand Earth’s dynamic climate, NASA research is helping to increase knowledge about the behavior of hurricane waves. The NASA Scanning Radar Altimeter (SRA), designed to take measurements of the changing wave height and structure in and around hurricanes, flew through many storms on a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D aircraft from 1998-2005. It captured unprecedented details on wave behavior that are helping improve sea height forecasts. Strong storms like Hurricane Bonnie in August 1998 - the first to be monitored by SRA - were found to produce severe ocean waves and dramatic changes in wave height and complexity over small distances.

Human Papillomaviruses and Cancer: Questions and Answers

National Cancer Institute
U.S. National Institutes of Health
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/
factsheet/Risk/HPV
Reviewed: 06/08/2006

1. What are human papillomaviruses, and how are they transmitted?
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 100 viruses. They are called papillomaviruses because certain types may cause warts, or papillomas, which are benign (noncancerous) tumors. The HPVs that cause the common warts which grow on hands and feet are different from those that cause growths in the throat or genital area. Some types of HPV are associated with certain types of cancer (1). These are called “high-risk” oncogenic or carcinogenic HPVs.
Of the more than 100 types of HPV, over 30 types can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Although HPVs are usually transmitted sexually, doctors cannot say for certain when infection occurred. Most HPV infections occur without any symptoms and go away without any treatment over the course of a few years. However, HPV infection sometimes persists for many years, with or without causing cell abnormalities. 

Vaccine Protects Against Virus Linked to Half of All Cervical Cancers

National Cancer Institute
U.S. National Institutes of Health
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/
factsheet/Risk/HPV
Posted: 11/26/2002 Reviewed: 02/08/2005

Key Words: cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), prevention, vaccine. (Definitions of many terms related to cancer can be found in the Cancer.gov Dictionary.)

An experimental vaccine prevented women from becoming persistently infected with a virus that is associated with half of all cervical cancers, researchers reported in the November 21, 2002, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine (see the journal abstract of the study). 

The National Women’s Health Information Center
U.S. Depertment of Health and Human Services
Office on Women’s Health

Cervical Cancer
June 2006

http://womenshealth.gov/faq/ccervix.htm

What is cervical cancer?
Cancer is a disease in which certain body cells don't function right, divide very fast, and produce too much tissue that forms a tumor. Cervical cancer is cancer in the cervix, the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped organ where a baby grows during a woman's pregnancy. The cervix forms a canal that opens into the vagina (birth canal), which leads to the outside of the body.

Articolo pubblicato il 19-04-2006
di Walter Pasini
Direttore centro OMS Medicina del turismo
Numero 27 - Anno 3
19 Aprile 2006

La diarrea del viaggiatore: adesso c'è un vaccino per prevenirla

Il viaggiatore che si reca all’estero, soprattutto in Paesi con standard igienico-sanitari diversi da quello di provenienza, dovrebbe essere consapevole dei rischi di salute che il viaggio può comportare.

Tra questi rischi, quello di contrarre malattie infettive, di diversa gravità, è forse il più importante. La medicina dei viaggi comprende questa ed altre tematiche che, per limiti di spazio, non possono essere trattate in questo articolo.

Selezioneremo dunque un solo argomento, quello che riguarda il numero più grande di viaggiatori. C’è infatti un problema con cui prima o poi la stragrande maggioranza dei viaggiatori si imbatte, un problema generalmente non grave in termini di salute ma comunque in grado di rovinare una vacanza.

La pena della croce

La pena della crocifissione era diffusa presso molte popolazioni antiche, come gli Assiri e i Persiani, gli Indiani, gli Sciiti, ed è stata portata in occidente da Alessandro Magno. Il primo vero «successo» l'ha conosciuto soprattutto presso i Cartaginesi, ma furono forse i Romani il popolo che ne fece il ricorso più frequente e spietato: in seguito alla rivolta di Spartaco, nel 71 a.C., oltre seimila ribelli furono giustiziati in quel modo.

La crocifissione per legge era riservata agli schiavi, ai prigionieri di guerra e ai rivoltosi, e in quell'occasione fu esercitata con fredda efficienza su tutti coloro che si erano ribellati al potere centrale: chiunque viaggiasse tra Capua e Roma poté vedere per giorni, ai lati della strada, i corpi rimasti sulle croci che venivano straziati dagli animali predatori e dalla forza degli agenti atmosferici.